Seizing child recieving IN treatmentTherapeutic Intranasal Drug Delivery

Needleless treatment options for medical problems

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Intranasal Drug Delivery - Full Length Peer Reviewed Medical Articles:

Please see bibliography section for abstracts of all references listed in this web site. This section contains full articles and web links to full articles.

NASAL MEDICATIONS FOR SEIZURE THERAPY:

Intranasal Midazolam for seizures

Holsti, Prehospital intranasal midazolam for the treatment of pediatric seizures, Ped Emerg Care 2007 (click here for web site link)

Klein-Kremer, Intranasal midazolam for the treatment of seizures in children in the Emergency setting, Isreali J EM 2007 (click here) - PDF 0.13 MB

Lahat, IN midazolam for seizures, BMJ 2000 (click here) - PDF 0.25 MB

Krykou, IN midazolam for community seizure therapy, Epilepsy Australia 2006 (click here) - PDF 0.44 MB

Segal, An alternate route of drug administration in acute convulsions, IMAJ 2000 (click here) - PDF 0.09 MB

Bhattacharyya, Intranasal midazolam vs rectal diazepam in acute childhood seizures, Pediatr Neurol 2006

Whitesell, IN midazolam vs rectal diazepam - synthesis of the evidence, J Ped Healthcare 2009 abstract

Intranasal Lorazepam for seizures

Ahmad, Intranasal lorazepam vs intramuscular paraldehyde for prolonged convulsions, Lancet 2006

NASAL MEDICATIONS FOR SEDATION

Politis, Preanesthetic sedation for pediatric patients, Pediatric anesthesia handbook (click here for web site link)

Intranasal Midazolam for sedation

Al-Rakaf, Intra-nasal midazolam for conscious sedation of pediatric dental patients, Int J Ped Dentistry 2001 (click here) -  PDF 0.32 MB

Lane, Atomized intranasal midazolam  use for minor procedures in the pediatric emergency department, Pediatric Emergency Care 2008 (click here for web site link)

Manley, IN and IV midazolam for sedation in adults with learning disability, Br Dent Journal 2008. - PDF 0.18 MB

Morgans-Perri, MAD for IN midazolam pre-op, J Perianesthtic Nursing 2009 abstract

Intranasal ketamine for sedation

Kazemi, Intranasal ketamine versus intranasal midazolam for preoperative sedation in children, Pak J Med Sci 2005 (click here) - PDF 0.12 MB

Gharde, IN ketamine and IN midazolam for sedation of children with Tetralogy of Fallot, Ann Cardiac Anesth 1996 (click for web site link)

Intranasal Dexmedetomidine for sedation and premedication before anesthesia

Yuen, Intranasal dexmedetomidine vs oral midazolam for pre-operative sedation, Anesth Analg 2008

Yuen, Sedative effects of intranasal dexmetetomidine, Anesth Analg 2007

Intranasal clonidine for sedation and premedication before anesthesia

NASAL MEDICATIONS FOR PAIN CONTROL

Intranasal Morphine for pain

Fitzgibbon, Nasal Morphine for breakthrough pain, Pain  2003 (click here) - PDF 0.15 MB

Intranasal Fentanyl for pain

Borland, A randomized controlled trial comparing intranasal fentanyl to intravenous morphine for managing acute pain in children in the emergency department, Ann Emerg Med 2007 (click here for web site link)

Rickard, A randomized controlled trial of intranasal fentanyl vs intravenous morphine for analgesia in the prehospital setting, 2007 (click here for web site link)

Borland, Intranasal fentanyl vs oral morphine prior to dressing changes for pediatric burns, Burns 2005

Finn, RCT of intranasal fentanyl vs oral morphine prior to dressing changes in adult burn unit, Burns 2004

Striebel, Intranasal fentanyl PCINA to treat post operative pain, Anesth Analg 1996 (click here for web site link)

Intranasal Sufentanil for pain

Heshmati, Intranasal sufentanil for postoperative pain control in lower abdominal pediatric surgery, IJPT 2006 (click here) - PDF 0.14 MB

Matheiu, Intranasal sufentanil is effective for postoperative analgesia in adults, Can J Anaesthesia 2006 (click here) - PDF 0.32 MB

Helmers, Comparison of intravenous and intranasal sufentanil absorption and sedation, Can J Anaesth 1989 (click here) - PDF 0.39 MB

Jackson, Intranasal sufentanil for breakthrough pain - preliminary trial, J Pain and Symptom Management 2002

Intranasal Diamorphine for pain

Kendall, Multicenter RCT of nasal diamorphine for analgesia in children and teenagers with clinical fractures, BMJ 2001 (click here) - PDF 0.28 MB

NASAL MEDICATIONS FOR TREATING OPIATE AND BENZODIAZEPINE INDUCED SEDATION

Intranasal Naloxone (Narcan)

Barton, Intranasal naloxone as a needleless alternative for treatment of opiate overdose in the prehospital setting, J Emerg Med 2005 (Click here for web site link)

Kelly, A randomized trial of intranasal versus intramuscular naloxone for prehospital treatment of suspected opiate overdose, Med J Aust 2005 (click here) - PDF 0.23 MB

Kerr, Effectiveness and safety of IN naloxone versus IM naloxone for treatment of heroin overdoses, Addiction 2009

Maryland House bill 368 approving home use of IN naloxone to reduce heroin overdose deaths (click here) - (PDF)

Doe-Simkins, M., et al., Saved by the nose: bystander-administered intranasal naloxone hydrochloride for opioid overdose. Am J Public Health, 2009

Project Lazarus

Kim, Expanded access to naloxone, Am J Public Health 2009

Dasgupta, Opioid OD - a prescription for harm prevention, Am J Lifestyle Med 2009

Intranasal Flumazenil (Anexate, Romazicon)

Heard, C., P. Creighton, and J. Lerman, Intranasal flumazenil and naloxone to reverse over-sedation in a child undergoing dental restorations. Paediatr Anaesth, 2009.

NASAL MEDICATIONS FOR EPISTAXIS

Krempl, Intranasal oxymetazoline for the treatment of epistaxis, Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1995

NASAL MEDICATIONS FOR TOPICAL ANESTHESIA AND VASOCONTRICTION

Intranasal vasoconstrictor articles

Intranasal anesthetic articles

VHA and the National center for patient safety guide to the use of topical anesthetics (click here)  - PDF 0.2 MB

Wolfe, Atomized lidocaine prior to NG tube placement, Ann Emerg Med 2000

NASAL MEDICATIONS FOR TREATMENT OF HYPOGLYCEMIA

Intranasal glucagon articles

Pontiroli, Intranasal glucagon raises blood glucose concentrations in healthy volunteers, BMJ 1983 (click here) - PDF 0.47 MB

DISCUSSIONS OF OFF LABEL MEDICATION USAGE

Tomaszewski, Off-Label: Just what the doctor ordered, J Medical Toxicology 2006 (click here) - PDF 0.13 MB

NASAL MEDICATION REVIEWS AND MISCELLANEOUS TOPICS

Review articles

Goldman, Intranasal drug delivery in children, Curr Drug Therapy 2006 (click here) - PDF 0.15 MB

Stanley, Anesthesia for the 21st Century, BUMC Proceedings 2000 (click here) - PDF 0.05 MB

Telegaonkar, Intranasal delivery- An approach to bypass the blood brain barrier, Ind J Pharm 2004 (click here) - PDF 0.6 MB

Wolfe, Intranasal Medications in EMS, JEMS 2003 (click here) - PDF 0.33 MB

Pires, Intranasal drug delivery - How why what for -extensive review, J Pharm Pharmaceut Sci 2009

Nose Brain pathway

Ying, The nose may help the brain: Intranasal drug delivery for treating neurologic diseases, Future Neurology 2008 (click here) - PDF 1.4 MB

Nosy neuroprotection - discussion of the nose brain pathway

Hanson, IN drugs for neurodegenerative disorders, Policy Holder Advocate.pdf